5 Tips to Improve Your Concentration

When TV newscaster Diane Sawyer was asked the secret to her success, she said, “I think the one lesson I’ve learned is there is no substitute for paying attention.”

Are you thinking, “I agree, but HOW do we improve our ability to focus and maintain attention — no matter what?”

These five FOCUS tips can help you concentrate better — whether you’re working in a busy office, studying at school, sitting in a meeting, or trying to finish a project.

F = Five More Rule
There are two kinds of people — those who have learned how to work through frustration, and those who wish they had. From now on, if you’re in the middle of a task and tempted to give up — just do FIVE MORE.

Read FIVE MORE pages. Finish FIVE MORE math problems. Work FIVE MORE minutes.

Just as athletes build physical stamina by pushing past the point of exhaustion, you can build mental stamina by pushing past the point of frustration.

Just as runners get their second wind by not giving up when their body initially protests, you can get your “second mind” by not giving up when your willpower initially protests. Continuing to concentrate when your brain is tired is the key to S-T-R-E-T-C-H-I-N-G your attention span and building mental endurance.

O = One Think At a Time
Samuel Goldwyn said, “If I look confused, it’s because I’m thinking.” Feeling scatter-brained? Overcome perpetual preoccupation with the Godfather Plan — make your mind a deal it can’t refuse. Yes, the mind takes bribes. Instead of telling it NOT to worry about another, lesser priority (which will cause your mind to think about the very thing it’s not supposed to think about!), assign it a single task with start-stop time parameters.

For example, “I will think about how to pay off that credit card debt when I get home tonight and have a chance to add up my bills. For now, for the next thirty minutes from 1-1:30 pm, I will give my complete focus to practicing this presentation so I am eloquent and articulate when pitching this proposal to our VIP clients.”

U = Use Your Hands as Blinkers
Picture your mind as a camera and your eyes as its aperture. Most of the time, our eyes are “taking it all in” and our brain is in “wide-angle focus.” We can actually think about many things at once and operate quite efficiently this way (e.g., imagine driving down a crowded highway while talking to a friend, fiddling with the radio, keeping an eye on the cars beside you, and watching for your exit sign.)

What if you want to switch to telephoto focus? What if you have to prepare for a test and you need 100% concentration? Cup your hands around your eyes so you have “tunnel vision” and are looking solely at your text book. Placing your hands on the side of your face blocks out surroundings so they are literally “out of sight, out of mind.” Think about the importance of those words.

Want even better news? Does the name Pavlov r-r-r-ring a bell? If you cup your hands around your eyes every time you want to switch from wide-angle to telephoto focus, that physical ritual becomes a Pavlovian trigger.

Remember? Pavlov rang the bell, fed the dog, rang the bell and fed the dog, until the dog started salivating as soon as he heard the sound of the bell. Similarly, using your hands as blinkers every time you want to narrow your focus teaches your brain to switch to “one track” mind and concentrate on your command.

S = See As If For the First or Last Time
Want to know how to be “here and now” and fully present instead of mindlessly rushing here, there, and everywhere? Frederick Franck said, “When the eye wakes up to see again, it suddenly stops taking anything for granted.” Evelyn Underhill said, “For lack of attention, a thousand forms of loveliness elude us every day.”

I constantly relearn this lesson. One time I was giving my sons their nightly back rub. Although I was sitting right next to them, I might as well have been in the next country because I was thinking of the early morning flight I needed to take the next day and wondering if I had packed my hand-outs, if my ticket was in my purse, etc.

What do you see? A music man or woman face?

8 Mind-Boggling Optical Illusions

Test your perception with these wild designs.

If you’ve ever felt like you go a little cross-eyed after taking a peek at an optical illusion, then you know they can be a pretty intense phenomenon. What your eyes perceive when looking at one of these images is actually a visual illusion; you see the image as something different than what it is because the different cells and receptors in your eyes distinguish images and colors at dissimilar speeds. The eye can only receive a limited amount of visual stimuli, but as your brain constantly processes the visual information, it gives you the illusion of continuous sight. Whether it’s an optical, physiological or cognitive illusion, the design plays a trick on your eyes (and mind). Check out some of the interesting illusions below—but beware, you may not be able to absorb them all in one sitting.

FLOWING LEAVES

The brown leaf shapes against a green background make this look as if the entire group is flowing—making waves if you focus on the picture as a whole. Photo from Flickr

PULSING VORTEX

If you stare at this one long enough you’ll notice a fast and pulsing multicolored vortex. Photo from Flickr

WAVES

The blue almond-shaped objects look as if they’re all passing over three separate columns. Photo from Flickr

HYPNOSIS

Although this image is comprised of simple purple and green squares outlined in black, it looks like it is bulging out in the center. Photo from Flickr

KALEIDOSCOPES

A collection of black, blue, green and white shapes appears to be five different kaleidoscope-type figures—each swirling toward their centers. Photo from Flickr

WORMHOLE

The black and white circular lines make this illusion seem as if there are various depths in the image, creating different entryways and tunnels. Photo courtesy of Paco Calvino

BULL’S-EYE

If you stare at the center of the image, it looks as if the outer rings are rotating in alternating directions—an effect meant to mesmerize the viewer. Photo courtesy of Todd A. Carpenter

STARBURSTS

These bright purple and green star-like shapes appear to be moving, which can be a little nauseating if you stare at it for too long. Photo courtesy of Angie Armstrong

LASIK eye surgery

Wikipedia: LASIK or Lasik (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis) is a type of refractive surgery for correcting myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. LASIK is performed by ophthalmologists using a laser. The procedure is generally preferred to photorefractive keratectomy, PRK, (also called ASA, Advanced Surface Ablation) because it requires less time for the patient’s recovery, and the patient feels less pain overall. However, there are special instances where a PRK/ASA procedure is medically justified as being a better alternative to LASIK [citation needed]
Many patients choose LASIK as an alternative to wearing corrective eyeglasses or contact lenses. Nearly 8 million Americans have undergone LASIK, laser refractive surgery and not everyone is satisfied with their results.

The LASIK technique was made possible by the Colombia-based Spanish ophthalmologist Jose Barraquer, who, around 1950 in his clinic in Bogotá, Colombia, developed the first microkeratome, and developed the technique used to cut thin flaps in the cornea and alter its shape, in a procedure he called keratomileusis. Barraquer also researched the question of how much of the cornea had to be left unaltered to provide stable long-term results.

Later technical and procedural developments included RK (radial keratotomy), developed in Russia in the 1970s by Svyatoslav Fyodorov, and PRK (photorefractive keratectomy), developed in 1983 at Columbia University by Dr. Steven Trokel, who in addition published an article in the American Journal of Ophthalmology in 1983 outlining the potential benefits of using the Excimer laser patented in 1973 by Mani Lal Bhaumik in refractive surgeries. (RK is a procedure in which radial corneal cuts are made, typically using a micrometer diamond knife, and is completely different from LASIK).

The operation is performed with the patient awake and mobile; however, the patient is sometimes given a mild sedative (such as Valium) and anesthetic eye drops.
LASIK is performed in three steps. The first step is to create a flap of corneal tissue. The second step is remodeling of the cornea underneath the flap with the laser. Finally, the flap is repositioned.

Patients are usually given a course of antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops. These are continued in the weeks following surgery. Patients are usually told to sleep much more and are also given a darkened pair of shields to protect their eyes from bright lights and protective goggles to prevent rubbing of the eyes when asleep and to reduce dry eyes. They also are required to moisturize the eyes with preservative-free tears and follow directions for prescription drops. Patients should be adequately informed by their surgeons of the importance of proper post-operative care to minimize the risk of complications.

Scores of Pro Athletes have had Laser Eye Surgery

Many, like Woods, have upgraded their vision to 20/15 or better. Golfers Scott Hoch, Hale Irwin, Tom Kite, and Mike Weir have hit the 20/15 mark. So have baseball players Jeff Bagwell, Jeff Cirillo, Jeff Conine, Jose Cruz Jr., Wally Joyner, Greg Maddux, Mark Redman, and Larry Walker. Amare Stoudemire and Rip Hamilton of the NBA have done it, along with NFL players Troy Aikman, Ray Buchanan, Tiki Barber, Wayne Chrebet, and Danny Kanell. These are just some of the athletes who have disclosed their results in the last five years. Nobody knows how many others have gotten the same result.
Does the upgrade help? Looks that way. Maddux, a pitcher for the Atlanta Braves, was 0-3 in six starts before his surgery. He won nine of his next 10 games. Kite had LASIK in 1998 and won six events on the Champions Tour over the next five years. Three months after his surgery, Irwin captured the Senior PGA Tour Nationwide Championship.
According to Golf Digest, Woods aimed for 20/15 when he signed up for LASIK. This probably didn’t strike Woods as enhancement, since he was already using contacts that put him at 20/15. Now ads and quotes offering 20/15 are everywhere. One LASIK practice takes credit for giving Irwin 20/15 vision. Another boasts of raising Barber to 20/15 and calls the result “better than perfect.” Other sellers promise the same thing and offer evidence to back it up. Last year, they report, 69 percent of traditional LASIK patients in a study had 20/16 vision six months after their surgery, and new “wavefront” technology raised the percentage to 85. Odds are, if you’re getting LASIK, you’re getting enhanced.
The medical spin for LASIK, as opposed to the entrepreneurial spin, is that it’s corrective. Your eyesight sucks, you go in for surgery, you hope for 20/20. Maybe you get it, maybe you don’t, and that’s that. But it isn’t that simple. If you don’t like the results, your doctor might fire up the laser for a second pass. In the business, this is literally called an “enhancement.” Hoch, the golfer, got four enhancements in 2002 and 2003. He ended up 20/15 in one eye, 20/10 in the other.
Nor do you need poor vision to find a willing doctor. Most states think you’re fine to drive a car without corrective lenses as long as your eyesight is better than 20/40. Cirillo, then a third baseman for the Seattle Mariners, was 20/35 in one eye and 20/30 in the other when he went in for LASIK two years ago. He came out 20/20 and 20/12. Cruz, an outfielder for the Toronto Blue Jays, was 20/30 when he went for an eye exam. Five days later, he was under the beam. “The doctor kind of talked me into it,” Cruz told the Toronto Star. He came out 20/15. According to the Orange County Register, Gary Sheffield, then an outfielder for the Los Angeles Dodgers, had eyesight better than 20/20 when he asked for laser surgery to raise his batting average. His doctor talked him out of it.
Why risk surgery for such small increments? “Every little half-centimeter counts,” Cruz told the Star. Last year, the Seattle Times reported that Troy Glaus, a power hitter for the Anaheim Angels, had gotten LASIK because he “felt his contacts were sufficient, just not always ideal. A windy day or a wave of dust could tip the advantage back to the pitcher.” Often, coaches play a role. The Minnesota Twins training staff successfully encouraged several players to get LASIK. Maddux told the Atlanta Journal and Constitution that the Braves gave him “a little push” to get LASIK in 2000. Meanwhile, the Braves’ manager, having talked to the same doctor about getting LASIK, in his own words “chickened out.”
This is the difference between therapy and enhancement. You don’t need bad vision to get the surgery. Wavefront, if you’ve got the bucks for it, reliably gives you 20/16 or better. If your vision ends up corrected but not enhanced, you can go back for a second pass. Players calculate every increment. Pro golfers seek “to optimize any competitive advantage,” a LASIK surgeon told the Los Angeles Times. “They’re already tuned in to the best clubs, the best putter, the best ball. … Clearly having great vision is one of the best competitive advantages you can have.” Eyes are just another piece of equipment. If you don’t like ‘em, change ‘em.
The sports establishment is obtuse to this revolution. Leagues worry about how you might doctor bats, balls, or clubs. They don’t focus on how you might doctor yourself. Look at the official rules of Major League Baseball: A pitcher can’t put rosin on his glove, but he can put it on his hand. A batter can’t alter the bat “to improve the distance factor,” but the rules don’t bar him from altering his body to get the same result. Baseball now has a dope-testing policy, but it isn’t in the rules; the players negotiate it. That’s why it’s weak.
At last month’s hearing, baseball commissioner Bud Selig testified that in 1998 and 1999 he sent his executive vice president to Costa Rica to check out reports that juiced-up baseballs were causing an epidemic of home runs. Selig was looking for the wrong kind of juice. The U.S. Golf Association’s Rules of Golf share the same blind spot: You can’t use a device to warm the ball, but you can use it to warm your hands. You can’t use a device to measure distance or “gauge the slope of the green,” but you can get the same powers through LASIK. In the age of biotechnology, you are the device.

FDA to study negative effects of Lasik eye surgery

Now the US Food & Drug Administration is getting involved. They have convened a special hearing to explore ways to comprehend the scope of the problem, ways to reduce LASIK complications and ways to improve preoperative communications with consumers.

Data provided by the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery indicate that 95% of LASIK patients see better after surgery and are pleased with the decision to undergo LASIK (averaging $2000 per eye). 5% are dissatisfied and 1% of all LASIK patients encounter severe complications like chronic dry eye, blurry vision, poor night vision or visual distortion. Here’s some speed math: 5% of 8 million is 400,000 cranky people!

FDA is organizing an expert panel to collaborate with the National Eye Institute and gather accurate information about LASIK results and complications. Skeptics claim FDA is recruiting foxes to study the hen house! Some advocate utilizing non-ophthalmologists to collect and interpret the data as has been done in assessments of coronary bypass procedures and joint replacement surgery. Certainly, ophthalmologists who do not perform LASIK could add valuable input to these proceedings.

Many LASIK experts believe that more scrupulous patient selection can prevent many of these unhappy outcomes. A patient who is told they are ineligible for LASIK will frequently keep shopping until they find a doctor who will agree to perform the procedure. Had the first surgeon spent a few more minutes clearly explaining the reasons for disqualification and the dangers associated with pursuing LASIK.

The Food and Drug Administration announced plans Thursday to study the scope of problems connected with laser eye-correcting surgery, which include blurred vision and dry eyes.
The FDA says it will work with the National Eye Institute and the Department of Defense to determine the percentage of patients who experience negative side effects following surgery.
The first phase of the project is already under way, with plans for an online questionnaire to help patients gauge their quality of life following surgery, according to an FDA statement.
The project will also include a clinical trial tracking patients who undergo the procedure, which is expected to conclude by 2012.
“This study will enhance our understanding of the risks of Lasik and could lead to a reduction in patients who experience adverse effects,” said Dr. Jeffrey Shuren, the acting head of FDA’s medical device division.
An estimated 6 million Americans have undergone Lasik surgery, which permanently reshapes the cornea, a clear layer covering the eye. There are no guarantees of 20/20 vision and the long-term safety of the procedure is still unknown.
Ophthalmology societies report that about 95 percent of patients are satisfied with their new vision.
But a small number of patients have reported permanent damage to their eyes following the surgery, including double vision, dry eye and halos around objects at night.
The FDA agreed to look into the problems in 2008 after years of complaints. The agency said last summer it received 140 reports of Lasik-related problems between 1998 and 2006.
Lasik procedures have fallen off in the past year as consumers cut back on the pricey surgeries, which can cost between $1,500 and $5,000
Makers of Lasik lasers include Advanced Medical Optics Inc., Alcon Inc., and Bausch and Lomb.
Also on Thursday, the FDA announced warning letters sent to 17 Lasik surgery centers for inadequate adverse event reporting procedures. Regulators periodically send letters to facilities that don’t follow federal guidelines for reporting patient complaints.
“The inspections did not identify problems with the use of the Lasik devices at these facilities,” the FDA stated.
More inspections of Lasik centers are planned in coming months, according to the FDA release.